Quarries: remarkable reservoirs of biodiversity

Contrary to popular belief, this publication demonstrates, with concrete examples, that quarries constitute spaces with high ecological potential, capable of hosting exceptional biodiversity during and after exploitation.

These environments, although transformed compared to their original state, nevertheless develop ecological functions comparable – and sometimes even superior – to those of the initial environment, thanks to the ecological dynamics created by the exploitation and then the restoration.

Environments conducive to biodiversity

Extractive activities alter landscapes and environments. But when anticipated, regulated and accompanied by sound ecological expertise, they can create habitats favorable to many species.

The brochure reminds us that the profession has been applying a demanding regulatory framework for several decades: impact studies, implementation of the Avoid – Reduce – Compensate (ERC) sequence, ecological monitoring, consultation with stakeholders and financial guarantees to ensure the restoration of sites.

The results are significant. Scientific studies conducted with recognized organizations (National Museum of Natural History, CNRS, LPO, Conservatories of Natural Areas, etc.) have highlighted:

• Up to 47% of French breeding birdlife recorded at certain sites,
• 80% of national amphibian species observed in massive rock quarries,
• The presence of numerous protected or heritage species.
  Quarries thus actively participate in the creation or restoration of wetlands, dry grasslands, sandy cliffs, quarry faces suitable for nesting, bodies of water and wet meadows.

A diversity of examples across the entire territory

The publication presents a national map illustrating the diversity of situations:

• National and regional nature reserves
• Sensitive natural areas
• Natura 2000 sites
• Natural areas of ecological, faunal and floral interest (ZNIEFF)

From the Mazière pond national nature reserve in Nouvelle-Aquitaine to the former gravel pits of Ouvrardière in Pays de la Loire, via the Ferques quarries in Hauts-de-France or the Orangers site in Réunion, the examples demonstrate a demanding and collaborative ecological management.

The brochure also highlights the concept of geodiversity – complementary to biodiversity and enshrined in Article L110-1 of the French Environmental Code – to remind us that nature can also be understood through its geological components. In this respect, quarries play a key role: they offer a unique window into Earth's history, revealing rocks and fossils, precious witnesses to ancient biodiversity.

Recognized expertise in ecological engineering

The quarrying industry is among the few industrial activities capable of managing sites of high ecological value during and after operation.

The expertise developed by quarry operators in the field of redevelopment falls squarely within the realm of ecological engineering, contributing to national and European objectives for nature restoration.

This approach is part of a long-term strategy: reconciling the production of essential mineral resources for the territories with the preservation of living organisms.

A collection dedicated to the multifunctionality of careers

This publication is part of the collection "The multiple functions of quarries", which highlights the multifunctionality of quarry sites.

The following brochures have already been published:

• Overview of photovoltaic installations (2024)
• Preserve and enhance water resources (2025)
• Supporting and promoting cultural and social uses (2025)
  

This collection highlights the ability of quarries to simultaneously address several challenges: water management, energy transition, biodiversity, heritage preservation, and recycling. In 2026, a new brochure will complete the series with a focus on agriculture and the synergies between quarries and agricultural uses.