The second item of expenditure on the scale of all households, housing remains a major concern for the French. Nationwide, public spending on housing reached €37,6 billion in 2020, or around 1,6% of our GDP.
A few weeks before the presidential election, the issue of affordable, dignified and environmentally friendly housing is on the agendas of presidential candidates. As part of its 2022 Presidential operation, the Institut Montaigne has quantified some salient measures in this area: construction of new social housing, rent control throughout the territory, massification of the energy renovation of buildings, etc.
The candidates' proposals for the construction
Go to the website Presidential 2022 to compare the candidates' proposals, dive into the heart of the programs and understand their budgetary impact.
To go further, see this link the decryption of Iona Lefebvre, in charge of studies on territorial dynamics, as well as the note Housing: rebuilding our ambitions published last February.
Candidate : Yannick Jadot
Measure: Construction of 700.000 social housing units and renovation of 800.000, provided that the latter remain in the social housing stock for at least 20 years.
Candidate costing: /
Costing Institut Montaigne: Cost of 1 billion euros per year
Feasibility: Low feasibility with the only mechanisms in force, feasible with additional support from the State to be defined
Candidate : Marine Le Pen
Measure: Build 100.000 social housing units per year, including 20.000 for students and young workers
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 500 million euros per year
Feasibility: Low feasibility with the only mechanisms in force, feasible with additional support from the State to be defined
Candidate: Marine Le Pen
Measure: Propose a state loan of €100.000 at zero interest for access to property for young couples
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 12,6 billion euros per year
Feasibility: The proposal will go through the adoption of a law, or even an amendment to the statutes of the Banque de France
Candidate: Emmanuel Macron
Measure: Renovation of 700.000 homes per year
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 2,24 billion euros per year
Feasibility: The proposal will go through regulatory decree of the government
Candidate: Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Measure: Construction of 200.000 homes per year for five years subject to the most ambitious ecological standards
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 2,1 billion euros per year
Feasibility: Immediate, subject to having the necessary construction and financing capacities
Candidate: Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Measure: Build 15.000 student accommodation each year
Candidate costing: Cost of 470 million euros per year
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 80 million euros per year (the candidate's costing could include new subsidy schemes not taken into account here)
Feasibility: Low feasibility with the only mechanisms in force, feasible with additional support from the State to be defined
Candidate: Valérie Pécresse
Measure: Reduce the VAT on the construction of social housing from 10% to 5,5%
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost between 400 and 600 million euros per year
Feasibility: Requires the adoption of a finance law to modify the general VAT tax code
Candidate: Valérie Pécresse
Measure: Build 500.000 housing units per year, including 125.000 social housing units and 375.000 housing units in the private sector
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 1,1 billion euros per year
Feasibility: The feasibility of the proposal is limited by the absence of direct government leverage and subject to having the construction capacity
Candidate: Valérie Pécresse
Measure: Perpetuation and generalization of the zero rate loan to the whole territory
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 224 million euros per year
Feasibility: The feasibility of the proposal is immediate if applied by a finance law
Candidate proposals for regulation
Candidate: Anne Hidalgo
Measure: Generalize the rent control to the whole territory
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: This measure aims to regulate the private rental market and does not involve any tax measure.
Feasibility: Implementation conditioned by the passage of a law in order to modify the existing legislation. Once the law has been voted, the application by the communities and the representative of the State in the department can be immediate
Candidate: Yannick Jadot
Measure: Reinforcement of sanctions against municipalities that do not respect the social housing quotas provided for by the SRU law
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Savings of 50 million euros per year
Feasibility: Immediate, no technical difficulty of implementation
Candidate: Yannick Jadot
Measure: Introduction of a universal rental guarantee intended to provide a guarantee against unpaid rents (support of financing by the State and landlords)
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 1,1 billion euros per year
Feasibility: This measure can be implemented through legislation
Candidate: Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Measure: Regulate rents throughout the territory and downwards in major cities
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: This measure aims to regulate the private rental market and does not involve any tax measure.
Feasibility: Implementation conditioned by the passage of a law in order to modify the existing legislation. Once the law has been voted, the application by the communities and the representative of the State in the department can be immediate
Candidate: Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Measure: Introduction of a universal rental guarantee intended to provide security against unpaid rent
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Cost of 2,3 billion euros per year
Feasibility: This measure can be implemented through legislation
Candidate: Eric Zemmour
Measure: Repeal the Solidarity and Urban Renewal law (SRU) which imposes on cities a quarter of social housing
Candidate costing: /
Mountain Institute costing: Savings of 1,1 billion euros per year
Feasibility: The repeal of the SRU law or, at the very least, of its articles relating to social housing quotas requires the adoption of a new law
The 2022 Presidential analysis and costing operation
Europe, competitiveness and economy, purchasing power, health, territories, Europe and international... The Institut Montaigne is renewing its operation of costing and analyzing the programs of the main candidates for the 2022 presidential election, an operation carried out successfully in 2012 and 2017. With the support of a team of more than 25 experts, nearly 250 measures will gradually be scrutinized by the Institut Montaigne. They will be selected according to the importance of their budgetary impact, their environmental impact but also their relevance with regard to the public debate. A contradictory dialogue with the campaign teams is organized for each quantified measure so that they can put forward their point of view. In case of disagreement on the analysis of a measure, it will be explained in the analysis and the candidate's estimate displayed next to that of the Institut Montaigne.
For Victor Poirier, Director of Publications at Institut Montaigne: "With this work, the Institut Montaigne proposes to shed extensive and in-depth light on the programs and proposals of the candidates, within the framework of the 2022 presidential election. We wish to contribute to the credibility of the word and the action policy, nourishing the democratic debate with objective elements as well as raising the awareness of citizens and political leaders of the economic, environmental and budgetary issues raised by the candidates' proposals. »
