Households, businesses, the State and local authorities will be concerned, but the government is seeking a form of "equity" in terms of the immense efforts to be made, however, underlines a source at Matignon: "the little ones do a little, the big ones do a lot and everyone does its part."
Until now, France was aiming for -40% emissions by 2030, compared to 1990. It will now be -50%, in accordance with the new objective set by the EU two years ago. Today, France is at -25%.
Technically, the reduction of "net" emissions, including the additional carbon absorbed by forests and soils (carbon sinks), should reach -55% in 2030, which is the figure set by Brussels in its "Fit for 55".
For France, this means reducing emissions twice as fast as today, an economic, social and financial challenge. A report commissioned from economist Jean Pisani-Ferry by Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne concludes on Monday that the massive investments needed for climate transition will slow growth and increase public debt.
The "action plan" will be unveiled at 15:00 p.m. by Elisabeth Borne before the National Council for Ecological Transition (CNTE), an advisory body bringing together civil society actors on these subjects (NGOs, unions, employers, communities, parliamentarians, etc.). .).
The country, which emitted 408 million tons of C02 equivalent last year, is aiming for 270 million in 2030.
To achieve this, the plan mobilizes all the levers deemed "credible", with objectives set sector by sector (industry, transport, building, agriculture, energy, waste, etc.).
Transport, the leading source of emissions in France (about a third of the total), and housing (18% of emissions, residential and tertiary combined) have the greatest margins for progress.
Carpooling, electrification of vehicles, replacement of oil and gas boilers... the Prime Minister, in charge of ecological planning with, at her side, a specially dedicated general secretariat, will detail her avenues, some already started, others still to formalize.
Who will pay?
The year 2022 has been the hottest on record in France since 1900.
While the effects of climate change are accelerating in the world, France must also launch its new adaptation strategy on Tuesday, to deal with a warming which could reach 4 degrees there by the end of the century.
French emissions have declined since the 1990s, against a backdrop of deindustrialization and the export of our emissions, but the country has lagged behind in its rate of decline.
This situation earned him two legal disputes for climate inaction, the first brought by the municipality of Grande-Synthe (North).
In this case, the Council of State again put pressure on the government in early May to do more, demanding new measures within a year. The State, for its part, is counting on a better emissions record in recent years, marked in particular by the Covid trough.
In the second dispute, brought by the NGO collective L'Affaire du siècle, the justice declared the State "responsible" for breaches of its commitments and "ecological damage", enjoining it to act more strongly from here. the end of 2022. The NGOs now declare themselves ready to go back to court, this time to request financial penalties with periodic penalty payments.