2025 barometer of the energy and environmental performance of buildings

A benchmark study of the real estate sector in France, this barometer provides a precise overview of the energy and environmental performance of the residential and commercial building stock, based on a sample of 32.700 buildings representing 123 million m2.

The BPE, an essential tool that is constantly evolving.

This year, the OID collected energy and environmental performance indicators for buildings from 53 companies. This unique industry work is enriched each year by additional contributions, which broaden the scope of the study and allow for the development of new indicators. These indicators are essential benchmarks for the real estate sector, both for informing operational decisions and for meeting regulatory requirements for non-financial reporting.

This year, the 2025 publication included the following indicators:

• Adding the average in addition to the Top 15% and Top 30% in primary energy
• Addition of all indicators for primary energy, final energy and greenhouse gas emissions
• Addition of indicators relating to other European countries

It is a source of satisfaction for the association to be able to offer a precise and consolidated comparative framework at the European level.

A transparent methodology

As in all OID work, transparency is at the heart of the BPE's operation: the methodology for processing data and calculating indicators is detailed and accessible.

Since 2024, all indicators from previous years have been recalculated with a constant scope in order to integrate new data collected, new quality controls, and changes in conversion factors for different energy sources, with the aim of presenting a coherent evolution of consumption.

2024: A mixed bag

Over the course of a year in which national consumption has started to rise again (+0,6% in final energy consumption with climate adjusted), the real estate sector does not seem to have been able to break away from the general trend.

Indeed, after observing a clear decrease in consumption in recent years, it is clear that in 2024 efforts faltered, to the point that for some categories the trend reversed. The drop in energy prices or the backlash from energy conservation efforts are among the factors that could explain this rebound.

Offices

• Average final energy consumption, adjusted for climate variations, decreased by 0,7% in 2024, compared to 6,3% in 2023. The decline in consumption is therefore continuing, albeit at a much slower pace.
• At the current rate of energy consumption reduction, neither the office nor commercial building stock would meet the targets set by the tertiary sector decree. To achieve this, the rate of consumption reduction would need to be doubled.
• Including new building areas, the total consumption of the tertiary sector will have decreased by only 15,4% in 2030 compared to 2010, far from the 40% targeted by the tertiary sector decree.

Shopping centers

• Energy consumption in the common areas of shopping centers has fallen sharply for the second consecutive year. Final consumption (at constant climate conditions) decreased by 11,3% in 2024.
• This decrease is all the more encouraging as the footfall in shopping centres remains on the rise (+1,1% in 2024 according to FACT).

Food and non-food businesses

• For the first time, indicators relating to retail trade are presented.
• Food retailers house energy-intensive equipment, resulting in significantly higher consumption and associated emissions than non-food retailers.

Hotels

• The encouraging trend of 2023 (increased activity but decreased energy consumption) seems to be losing momentum.
• Between 2023 and 2024, overnight stays saw a decrease of 2,4%, accompanied by a decrease in final energy consumption of 1,1%, with a constant climate.
• Based on consumption per room, a high-end hotel consumes 3 times more energy than a budget hotel.

Logistics

• In 2024, the average energy consumption of warehouses increased significantly (+4,1% at constant climate) to return to its 2022 level.
• Since these consumptions are relatively insensitive to climatic variations, the same trend is observed on actual final and primary energy consumption as well as on greenhouse gas emissions.
• It is interesting to note that the evolution of consumption between 2022 and 2024 closely follows that of road freight transport (-2,4% in 2023 then +3% in 2024).

Residential

• Energy consumption in the residential buildings in the sample has risen sharply in 2024: +4,4% for final consumption in constant climate.
• This development follows the same trend as national energy consumption.
• The decarbonization trajectory followed that of energy consumption with an increase of 3,4% in 2024 compared to the previous year and 6,4% compared to 2018.

Hospitals and clinics

• In 2024, hospitals and clinics confirmed a measured but steady decrease in their final energy consumption (-1,3% in constant climate).
• GHG emissions have been on a steady reduction trajectory since 2022, with a decrease of 2,5% between 2023 and 2024.

Nursing homes and EMS

• In 2024, the occupancy rate of nursing homes continued to increase while energy consumption and associated emissions decreased.
• Final consumption (at constant climate) continues to decline in 2024 (-2,6%) although at a slower pace than in 2023.
• Associated greenhouse gas emissions have shown a continuous decline since 2021.

Resources that are becoming increasingly accessible

The full BPE 2025 report, detailed data, and complete methodology are freely available on the OID's new resource center. This transparency is essential to fostering collaboration and innovation in the ecological transition of the real estate sector.

Illustrative image of the article via Depositphotos.com.